Which / Whose 引导的宾语从句

1. Core Idea（核心概念）

In object clauses introduced by which or whose, these words both introduce the clause and play a grammatical role inside the clause.

在 which 或 whose 引导的宾语从句中，这两个词既起连接作用，又在从句内部充当句子成分。

They are different from that, which usually only links the clause and does not function as a clause element.

它们和 that 不一样；that 通常只起连接作用，一般不在从句中充当句子成分。

For this reason, which and whose usually cannot be omitted.

因此，which 和 whose 通常不能省略。

These clauses are usually indirect questions used as object clauses.

这类从句通常是作宾语的间接疑问句。

2. What Can which Do in the Clause? (which 在从句中能作什么成分？)

2.1 which as a Pronoun (which 作代词)

When which is used alone, it usually means which one or which ones.

当 which 单独使用时，它通常表示 哪一个 或 哪一些。

A. Subject（作主语）

I don’t know which is better.

我不知道哪一个更好。

Here, which is the subject of is.

这里 which 是 is 的主语。

B. Object（作宾语）

I can’t decide which she prefers.

我无法决定她更喜欢哪一个。

Here, which is the object of prefers.

这里 which 是 prefers 的宾语。

C. Predicative Complement（作表语）

He asked which the correct answer was.

他问哪一个才是正确答案。

Here, which is the predicative complement after was.

这里 which 是 was 后面的表语。

This pattern is grammatical, but He asked which was the correct answer is usually more natural.

这种结构在语法上成立，但 He asked which was the correct answer 往往更自然。

D. Object of a Preposition（作介词宾语）

I don’t know which he was referring to.

我不知道他指的是哪一个。

Here, which is the object of the preposition to.

这里 which 是介词 to 的宾语。

2.2 which as a Determiner（which 作限定词）

When which comes before a noun, such as which book or which student, it works as a determiner.

当 which 放在名词前面时，比如 which book 或 which student，它作限定词。

In that case, the whole phrase plays a role inside the clause.

这时，在从句中充当成分的是整个短语。

A. The Whole Phrase as Subject（整个短语作主语）

I don’t know which student won.

我不知道哪个学生赢了。

Here, which student is the subject of won.

这里 which student 是 won 的主语。

B. The Whole Phrase as Object（整个短语作宾语）

Tell me which book he bought.

告诉我他买了哪本书。

Here, which book is the object of bought.

这里 which book 是 bought 的宾语。

C. The Whole Phrase as Predicative Complement（整个短语作表语）

I can’t tell which size this is.

我看不出这是什么尺码。

Here, which size is the predicative complement after is.

这里 which size 是 is 后面的表语。

D. The Whole Phrase as Object of a Preposition（整个短语作介词宾语）

I don’t know which school he graduated from.

我不知道他毕业于哪所学校。

Here, which school is the object of the preposition from.

这里 which school 是介词 from 的宾语。

3. What Can whose Do in the Clause?（whose 在从句中能作什么成分？）

3.1 whose Usually Works as a Possessive Determiner（whose 通常作所属限定词）

Whose usually means whose + noun, such as whose bag or whose idea.

Whose 通常表示 whose + 名词，比如 whose bag 或 whose idea。

In most cases, the whole phrase plays the grammatical role in the clause.

在大多数情况下，在从句中承担语法功能的是整个短语。

A. The Whole Phrase as Subject（整个短语作主语）

I don’t know whose idea won.

我不知道谁的想法胜出了。

Here, whose idea is the subject of won.

这里 whose idea 是 won 的主语。

B. The Whole Phrase as Object（整个短语作宾语）

She asked whose advice he followed.

她问他听从了谁的建议。

Here, whose advice is the object of followed.

这里 whose advice 是 followed 的宾语。

C. The Whole Phrase as Predicative Complement（整个短语作表语）

I wonder whose car that is.

我想知道那是谁的车。

Here, whose car is the predicative complement after is.

这里 whose car 是 is 后面的表语。

D. The Whole Phrase as Object of a Preposition（整个短语作介词宾语）

I don’t know whose team he is on.

我不知道他属于谁的队伍。

Here, whose team is the object of the preposition on.

这里 whose team 是介词 on 的宾语。

3.2 whose Can Sometimes Stand Alone（whose 有时也可以单独使用）

In some contexts, whose can be used alone as a possessive pronoun, although this is less common.

在某些语境中，whose 也可以单独作所属代词使用，不过这种用法相对少见。

A. As a Predicative Complement（作表语）

I wonder whose this is.

我想知道这是谁的。

Here, whose means whose thing / whose one.

这里 whose 相当于 whose thing / whose one，也就是“是谁的东西”。

B. As a Subject（作主语）

I don’t know whose was left on the desk.

我不知道桌上留下的是谁的。

Here, whose is the subject, and the noun is understood from context.

这里 whose 是主语，后面的名词依赖语境省略。

4. Word Order Reminder（语序提醒）

Object clauses must use statement word order, not question word order.

宾语从句必须使用陈述句语序，不能使用疑问句语序。

I wonder which book he bought. is correct.

I wonder which book he bought. 是正确的。

I wonder which book did he buy. is incorrect.

I wonder which book did he buy. 是错误的。

5. A Concise Summary（简明总结）

Which can function as a pronoun or a determiner in an object clause.

Which 在宾语从句中可以作代词，也可以作限定词。

As a pronoun, it can be a subject, object, predicative complement, or object of a preposition.

作代词时，它可以充当主语、宾语、表语或介词宾语。

As a determiner, it modifies a noun, and the whole phrase can be a subject, object, predicative complement, or object of a preposition.

作限定词时，它修饰名词，而整个短语可以充当主语、宾语、表语或介词宾语。

Whose is usually a possessive determiner.

Whose 通常是所属限定词。

The phrase whose + noun can be a subject, object, predicative complement, or object of a preposition.

短语 whose + 名词 可以作主语、宾语、表语或介词宾语。

In some contexts, whose can also stand alone as a possessive pronoun.

在某些语境中，whose 也可以单独作所属代词使用。